command in linux

[kismec11@localhost ~]$ su
Password:
[root@localhost kismec11]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  install.log  install.log.syslog
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir dog
[root@localhost ~]# cd dog
[root@localhost dog]# ls
[root@localhost dog]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dog  install.log  install.log.syslog
[root@localhost ~]# cd dog
[root@localhost dog]# mkdir cat
[root@localhost dog]# cd cat
[root@localhost cat]# mkdir mouse
[root@localhost cat]# cd mouse
[root@localhost mouse]# cat >mickey.txt
apple.txt
oren.txt
grape.txt
ciku.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# cat mickey.txt
apple.txt
oren.txt
grape.txt
ciku.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# cat >BBQ.txt
ayam.list
nugget.list
roaster.list
[root@localhost mouse]# cat BBQ.txt
ayam.list
nugget.list
roaster.list
[root@localhost mouse]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dog  install.log  install.log.syslog
[root@localhost ~]# cd dog
[root@localhost dog]# ls
cat
[root@localhost dog]# cd cat
[root@localhost cat]# ls
mouse
[root@localhost cat]# cd mouse
[root@localhost mouse]# ls
BBQ.txt  mickey.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# cat mickey.txt
apple.txt
oren.txt
grape.txt
ciku.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# cat BBQ.txt
ayam.list
nugget.list
roaster.list
[root@localhost mouse]# ls
BBQ.txt  mickey.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# mv mickey.txt mouse.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# ls
BBQ.txt  mouse.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dog  install.log  install.log.syslog
[root@localhost ~]# cd dog
[root@localhost dog]# ls
cat
[root@localhost dog]# cd cat
[root@localhost cat]# cat >mickey.txt
apple.txt
oren.txt
grape.txt
ciku.txt
[root@localhost cat]# ls
mickey.txt  mouse
[root@localhost cat]# cat >BBQ.txt
ayam.list
nugget.list
roaster.list
[root@localhost cat]# ls
BBQ.txt  mickey.txt  mouse
[root@localhost cat]# cd mouse
[root@localhost mouse]# ls
BBQ.txt  mouse.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# rm mouse.txt
rm: remove regular file `mouse.txt'? y
[root@localhost mouse]# ls
BBQ.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# rm BBQ.txt
rm: remove regular file `BBQ.txt'? y
[root@localhost mouse]# ls
[root@localhost mouse]# cd cat
bash: cd: cat: No such file or directory
[root@localhost mouse]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dog  install.log  install.log.syslog
[root@localhost ~]# cd dog
[root@localhost dog]# ls
cat
[root@localhost dog]# cd cat
[root@localhost cat]# ls
BBQ.txt  mickey.txt  mouse
[root@localhost cat]# cat BBQ.txt
ayam.list
nugget.list
roaster.list
[root@localhost cat]# cat mickey.txt
apple.txt
oren.txt
grape.txt
ciku.txt
[root@localhost cat]# cd mouse
[root@localhost mouse]# ls
[root@localhost mouse]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dog  install.log  install.log.syslog
[root@localhost ~]# cd dog
[root@localhost dog]# ls
cat
[root@localhost dog]# cd cat
[root@localhost cat]# ls
BBQ.txt  mickey.txt  mouse
[root@localhost cat]# cp BBQ.txt
cp: missing destination file operand after `BBQ.txt'
Try `cp --help' for more information.
[root@localhost cat]# cp BBQ.txt cat
[root@localhost cat]# ls
BBQ.txt  cat  mickey.txt  mouse
[root@localhost cat]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dog  install.log  install.log.syslog
[root@localhost ~]# cd dog
[root@localhost dog]# ls
cat
[root@localhost dog]# cd cat
[root@localhost cat]# ls
mouse  mouse.txt
[root@localhost cat]# cd mouse
[root@localhost mouse]# ls
BBQ.txt  mouse.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dog  install.log  install.log.syslog
[root@localhost ~]# cd dog
[root@localhost dog]# ls
cat
[root@localhost dog]# cd cat
[root@localhost cat]# ls
mouse  mouse.txt
[root@localhost cat]# rm mouse.txt
rm: remove regular file `mouse.txt'? y
[root@localhost cat]# ls
mouse
[root@localhost cat]# cd mouse
[root@localhost mouse]# ls
BBQ.txt  mouse.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# cp /root/dog/cat/mouse/mouse.txt /root/dog/cat/mouse.txt
[root@localhost mouse]# ls
BBQ.txt  mouse.txt
[root@localhost mouse]#

BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT

Mekanisme pengurusan Bandwidth boleh digunakan untuk prestasi jurutera selanjutnya dan termasuk:
- Bentuk lalu lintas (had kadar).


Publisher's Description

Bandwidth Management and Firewall will allow to limit bandwidth for a computer or group of computers comunicating from/to internet or to limit bandwidth for some network service.

In this case computer or service with limited bandwidth can not exceed assigned limit. Bandwidth limitation is possible to set by header fields of protocols: Ethernet, IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP.

DoS attack protection secures against SYN flood or connect flood attack and TCP protocol inspection drops harmful TCP packets. In firewall can be set prohibiting of opening TCP connection from chosen side. These functions can protect corporate network connected to internet and secures chosen opened ports on gateway used for connecting from internet to corporate network. Packet filter can work with protocols : Ethernet, IP v4, TCP, UDP, ICMP.

You can monitor and log bandwidth utilization for some computer or group of computers or for some network service. Bandwidth Management and Firewall has counters which allows monitoring of current data flow and sum of transferred data for some computer or network service. The results can be used for efficient using of bandwidth leased from your ISP and for detection of bandwidth lack.

TCP/IP UTILITIES

1.) ARP       - Address Resolution Protocol.
                    - Provides IP to Ethernet addresses.-Menyediakan IP ke alamat Ethernet.
                    - Each hardware card has an address coded in.- Setiap kad mempunyai alamat kod masuk.
2.) Nbtstat    - Displays TCP/IP connections using netbios.-Mempamerkan sambungan TCP/IP menggunakan  netbios.
                    - Provide that computers IP address. - Bagi alamat IP PC.
3.) Netstat    - Provides the connection both the local and remote, ports and the state of the connection. - Menyediakan Sambungan baik tempatan dan luar, tapak dan keadaan sambungan.
4.) Ping         - Verify connection and also used quite frequently as a troubleshooting tools. - Pengesahan sambungan dan sebagai penyelesaian masalah
5.) Route      - allows you to view and manipulate the routing tables. - membolehkan anda untuk melihat dan memanipulasi jadual routing.
                    - Useful tool Diagnosing and modifying networking routing issues.
6.) Tracert    - allows you to see the route taken by packages from yourself to a destination.
                    - Also show the time it takes.
                    - Also be used to determined the IP address of a service were you only know the name.
7.) Winipcfg - It will tell you your present IP address and your subnet mask.
                    - If you click "more info" it will also provide the DNS and WINS servers if   you have any.